Purpose: Describe the variation of ration C/D, retinal nerve fiber layer of optic disc according to the stages of disease in primary glaucoma eyes by retinal optical coherence tomography. Materials: 190 eyes of 117 primary glaucoma patients treated in Glaucoma department - VNIO from 12/2004 - 9/2009. Method: describe, prospective,sectional- cross design, no control group. Results: area of optic disc in 190 eyes ranges from 2.833 + or - 0.566 mm2, the difference of optic disc area among different stages of disease is unstatistically value (p = 0.14). Area of glaucoma excavation is 1.944 + or - 0.805 mm2 , volume of glaucoma excavation is 0.57 + or - 0.428 mm3. Vertical ratio C/D is 0.778 + or - 0.156, horizonal ratio C/D is 0.837 + or - 0.14. The index of glaucoma excavation such as area, volume, vertical ratio C/D, horizontal ratio C/D increase along with the severity of disease (p 0.001). 73.4 percent oflatent stage eyes have ratio C/D 0.6. Eyes of early stage, which have vertical ratio C/D 0.6 is 88.9 percent, which have horizonal ratio C/D is 97.8 percent and area of excavation is 42.2 percent. Almost eyes of other stages have ratio C/D 0.6. Area of retinal nerve fiber layer in latent stage group is 1.764 + or - 0.305 mm2, in early group is 157 + or - 0.297 mm2, in advanced group is 0.792 + or - 0.291 mm2 in severe group is 0.49 + or - 0.243 mm2 and in end stage is 0.306 + or - 0.174 mm2, decreases with the severity of the disease, the difference is statiscally value (p 0.001). Conclusion: The more severe the disease is, the index of ratio C/D increases, the area of retinal nerve fiber layer decreases, these differences are statiscally values (p 0.001). The machine of optical coherence tomography allow to quantify precisely the damage of optic nerve, thus help to diagnose the disease in early stage.