During their development ethnic groups rely on indigenous knowledge in order to adapt to the natural and social environments where they live. However, indigenous knowledge is always dynamic and supplementary due to the interethnic exchanges. Nowadays, as a result of modernization, the technological breakthroughs applied to socio-economic activities have changed many aspects of the local people's life, including their indigenous knowledge. This contributes to diminishing the traditional application of indigenous knowledge in general. This article examines the study of indigenous knowledge today and then contributes to using, preserving and developing the indigenous knowledge. At the same time, the author calls attention to researcher's scientific awareness when studying indigenous knowledge of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands and South Vietnam.