Objective of the study was to evaluate clinical, paraclinical characteristics and results of biopsy pleural with Castelain needle for pleural effusion with small volume. The result showed that chest pain (84.6 percent), cough (78.1 percent), dyspnea (65.6 percent), fever (43.8 percent). Biopsy was success in all of cases. Identify the cause of pleural effusion in 34.4 percent of cases. In conclusion, biopsy pleural with Castelain needle allowed etiological diagnosis for small volume pleural effusion. This technique is safe in trained medical doctors even in small volume pleural effusion.