This study was to measure the appearance of RB1 on 56 biopsies of 15 renal transplant patients at Rangueil Hospital, France from 1/1/2906 to 31/12/2008. Results showed that RB1 does not appear in the control group, a slight increase RB1 in clamp biopsies (p 0.0001). RB1 increased markedly in other causes group and special higher in transplant rejection. Correlation positive between RB1 and creatininemia. RB1 increased if inflammation increases. RB1 increased after rejection therapy in 2/9 patients and these patients had renal function failure later and 7/9 patients with RB1 decreased after treatment and renal graft function remains stable until now. In conclusion, current RB1 in renal transplant injury, increased RB1 significant if renal inflammation and renal function changed, RB1 reduced after treatment, the patient had a stable renal function, and RB1 increased continuously, the patient had a kidney function failure later.