In recent years, the Party and people of Thai Nguyen are interested in working poverty reduction through the implementation of many policies and projects for poverty alleviation will bring practical results. However, the poverty rate remains high in the province, therefore, pose problems for Thai Nguyen province in the implementation of poverty alleviation is not only meaningful performance objectives of the country but also plays role of economic incentives - the province's social development and strive to avoid lagging behind other provinces in the region while meeting the requirements of integration and development. Prior to that request, the authors explains the rational and poverty as well as poverty alleviation in the province over the recent past which suggest some appropriate solutions in time.