Human activities predominantly release perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other fluorinated chemicals, which are highly persistent, leading to long-term accumulation in organisms and posing significant health risks. Therefore, it is essential to study the long-term impacts of PFOA on terrestrial ecosystems using sentinel organisms such as earthworms. This research investigated the toxicity of PFOA on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) across three different soil types. An acute toxicity assay was conducted to assess the effects of PFOA on survival, growth, cellulase activity, lysosomal membrane stability, and avoidance behaviour. Concurrently, a chronic toxicity assay examined the impact on reproduction, specifically focusing on cocoon production and juvenile emergence. For the 14-day acute toxicity study, LC