Lacertus syndrome is a relatively rare condition that occurs because of median nerve compression at the elbow. Despite its low prevalence, it is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of this condition and its potential symptoms to provide timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lacertus syndrome, including its anatomy and physiology, symptoms, and challenges of diagnosis. In particular, the article highlights the potential for misdiagnosis as carpal tunnel syndrome or other conditions that affect the median nerve and provides guidance on the physical exam and other diagnostic tests that can be used to confirm the diagnosis. The available treatment options for lacertus syndrome are also discussed, including conservative measures such as rest, activity modification and physical therapy, as well as more invasive options such as surgery. Finally, the article concludes with recommendations for future research and practice in the area of lacertus syndrome, highlighting the need for continued education and awareness among healthcare professionals.