The environmental impacts of reactive nitrogen (Nr) emitted from fertilized cropland present significant challenges for balancing food security, air pollution and climate change mitigation. As a leading agricultural producer, China requires high-resolution Nr emissions modeling within a comprehensive processed-based framework to address these issues effectively. In this study, we applied a process-based agroecological model (FEST-C*) to estimate daily Nr emissions at 0.25° in China during 2020 and analyzed the driving factors by using Structural Equation Modeling, Random Forest, and Dominance Analysis. The hotspots of annual Nr emissions were in North China, Southeast China, and Southwest China, collectively responsible for over 80 % of the total emissions. Approximately 81 % of the total Nr emissions were from wheat, maize, and rice fields. Timing and amount of basal and topdressing fertilization under different crop rotation systems determined the monthly and seasonal variations of Nr emissions. The impacts of various factors on Nr emissions varied with NH