Ramlibacter tataouinensis, the type species of the genus Ramlibacter, is renowned for its ability to thrive in hot, arid and nutrient-poor desert soils. To investigate whether its adaptive properties are shared across all 20 currently described Ramlibacter species found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic habitats worldwide, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 16S rRNA sequences and genomic information available from the literature. Our study encompassed approximately 40 deposited genomes, allowing us to propose a genomic phylogeny that aligns with the 16S rRNA phylogeny. Our findings reveal several conserved features across the genus Ramlibacter. This includes the presence of light sensors, environmental sensing networks, organic carbon and phosphate acquisition systems and the ability to store carbon and energy in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoate or polyphosphate granules. These shared traits rationalise the widespread distribution of Ramlibacter in oligotrophic terrestrial and aquatic environments. They also explain the genus' ability to withstand desiccation, endure extended periods of starvation, and survive in nutrient-depleted conditions. Notably, certain adaptive features are further enhanced in several species by their pleiomorphism and ability to form cysts. Overall, our study not only highlights the ecological adaptations of Ramlibacter species but also extends our understanding of microbial ecology in oligotrophic environments.