INTRODUCTION: Following the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, many multiparous women who had a history of induced abortion gave birth again. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the associations between induced abortion for nonmedical reasons and maternal and neonatal perinatal complications. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the participants were multiparous women who gave birth to singleton babies at or after 28 weeks of gestation between 1 December 2015, and 1 December 2020. The exposure factor was a maternal history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors, and adjusted odds ratios ( RESULTS: There were 3985 multiparous women with a history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons and 1823 multiparous women without such a history. Compared to women without such a history, women with a history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons had increased risks of cesarean section (adjusted CONCLUSIONS: A history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons was associated with increased risks of maternal and neonatal perinatal complications. Furthermore, dose-effect relationships were observed for these associations.