National Target Program on New Rural Development (NTP-NRD), launched in 2009, has been one of Vietnam's main programs in recent decades. The government of Vietnam considers the success of NTP-NRD as the major drivers of the country's industrialization and modernization. After over five years of implementation, the Program has achieved some remarkable successes. However, there have been difficulties facing the government of Vietnam in further development and meeting the goals of new rural program - new rural development (NRP-NRD). This paper provides some insights on the concepts of "new rural area", "new rural development" from historical perspective. This paper aims to discuss the emergence of-"new rural development" ideas as well as its formation as a national target program. This paper argues that the ideas of new rural development program had come before the advent of historical Resolution 26 (2008), tracing back to the 41h Party Congress in 1976. The paper seeks to describe the process of evolution of this concept into a national target program through the roles of policy-makers, especially the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).