This paper aimed at identifying reasons for poverty and factors that influenced the income of the households in the mountainous areas of Dinh Hoa and Phu Luong districts, Thai Nguyen province. 400 samples were surveyed in the 2 studied districts. The research findings showed that the educational level of the household head, expenditure for agricultural cultivation, expenditure for animal husbandry, cultivated area, and number of the household labor had a positive influence on the household income. Based on these research findings, some recommendations were proposed.