Patient-centered clinical trials prioritize the patient experience and outcomes that matter most to those affected by cancer. By centering on patient values and experiences, patient-centered outcomes research generates evidence to inform policies and practices, facilitating more personalized and effective cancer care. This manuscript explores the importance of patient-centered approaches in the global context, emphasizing challenges and opportunities for substantive patient engagement and the integration of patient-reported measures in clinical therapeutic trials in low- and middle-income countries. Despite important barriers such as limited infrastructure and funding constraints, leveraging innovative strategies and investing in research infrastructure and regulatory harmonization initiatives can enhance the capacity of low- and middle-income countries to conduct high-quality research and address the global burden of cancer more effectively. Through these efforts, patient-centered care and research can be extended to underserved populations, ensuring equitable access to cancer care worldwide.