Case study research methodology has a rich history in health sciences and has played an essential role in health science research, particularly in nursing, by providing a means to investigate complex real-world phenomena in detail. This article outlines the historical development of case study methodology, highlighting its advantages, such as richness of context and practicality, and discusses its limitations, such as issues of generalizability and methodological rigor. We also discuss innovative approaches that enhance the value of case studies, such as integrating quantitative elements and adopting rigorous evaluation frameworks. By promoting theoretical development and improving bedside care, case studies have the potential to bridge the gap between theory and practice and encourage progress in clinical practice.