This study investigates the effects of composite surfactants on the wettability of different coal types using a combination of macroscopic experiments, mesoscopic experiments, and microscopic molecular dynamics simulations, with coal samples of varying degrees of metamorphism as research subjects. First, contact angle and surface tension experiments were performed at the macroscopic level to determine the optimal concentration and ratio of the composite surfactants. The results showed that the composite solution formed by mixing SLES and AEO-9 in a 3:2 ratio significantly reduced both the surface tension of the solution and the contact angle of the coal samples at a mass concentration of 0.5 wt %. Second, the effects of the composite surfactants on the wetting properties of coal samples were analyzed at the mesoscopic level using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ζ-potential measurements. The results revealed that the total content of hydrophobic groups (-CH