Aqueous zinc batteries, mainly including Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) and Zn-air batteries (ZABs), are promising energy storage systems, but challenges exist at their current stage. For instance, the zinc anode in aqueous electrolyte is impacted by anodic dendrites, hydrogen and oxygen precipitation, and some other harmful side reactions, which severely affect the battery's lifespan. As for traditional cathode materials in ZIBs, low electrical conductivity, slow Zn