BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation in the gut might be linked to microbiota dysbiosis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate alterations in the gut microbiota composition of adult IBD patients compared to healthy controls. METHODS: This case-control study investigated the relationship between faecal microbiota composition and IBD in adults. Real-time qPCR analysis using bacterial 16S rRNA gene quantified the abundance of six key bacterial groups (Firmicutes, RESULTS: Real-time qPCR revealed significant differences ( CONCLUSION: This study identified significant alterations in gut microbiota composition in adult IBD patients compared to healthy controls, with notable differences in the abundance of specific bacterial groups. These findings suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in IBD pathogenesis. The identification of specific bacterial imbalances provides a foundation for developing microbiota-based therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, as potential interventions for restoring microbial balance and mitigating disease progression. Further research is needed to translate these insights into targeted therapeutic strategies and to explore their effectiveness in clinical settings.