The decision for Sano re-intervention is made on the patient's clinical condition and imaging suggestive of conduit stenosis
however, no consensus exists on what imaging parameters best identify patients requiring re-intervention. We undertook a single center retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent a Norwood-Sano procedure to understand which echocardiographic and CT parameters were associated with intervention prior to second-stage palliation. Proximal and distal Sano Doppler velocity and peak gradients (PG) were recorded from TTE performed prior to Sano stenting or second-stage palliation if no intervention performed. Measured CT parameters included minimum and maximum diameter (mm), perimeter (mm), and cross-sectional area (mm