BACKGROUND: Evolving evidence suggests both protein consumption and particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the association of dietary protein, PM METHODS: A prospective cohort study was carried out, which encompassed 658 newly diagnosed OC patients (18-79 years) residing in China. Dietary protein intakes were collected through a food frequency questionnaire examination, including total protein and protein from diverse sources. Average residential PM RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 37.60 months, 123 deaths were documented. As for all-cause mortality, the multivariate-adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) in the highest vs. the lowest tertile were 0.57 (0.35-0.93), 0.60 (0.36-0.99), and 0.58 (0.37-0.90) for intakes of fish, egg, as well as fruit/vegetable protein, respectively (all P for trend <
0.05). A positive association between PM CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence linking the potential interactions between dietary fish, egg, and fruit/vegetable protein intake and PM