BACKGROUND: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve renal outcomes, but may transiently affect biochemical markers of CKD-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD). We sought to evaluate the long-term risk of CKD-MBD associated with use of SGLT2 inhibitors in this patient population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, employing a target trial emulation framework and using electronic medical records of patients from 9 hospitals in Taiwan (2016-2023). We included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 1-3 CKD who had newly started either an SGLT2 inhibitor or, as a comparison group, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). The primary outcome was a composite of incident biochemical abnormalities (serum phosphate >
1.5 mmol/L, serum calcium <
2.1 mmol/L, serum intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH] >
6.9 pmol/L, or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <
49.9 nmol/L). RESULTS: The cohort included 13 379 patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors ( INTERPRETATION: Use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a lower incidence of biochemical abnormalities related to CKD-MBD than GLP-1 RAs. These agents may be considered to reduce risk of CKD-MBD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 1-3 CKD.