BACKGROUND: Pediatric oncology patients encounter substantial psychosocial and psychiatric challenges alongside physical illness and treatment burdens. Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) is critical for addressing these young patients' mental health needs within a broader healthcare framework. Socioeconomic disparities, family dynamics, and educational interruptions further complicate the psychiatric landscape in pediatric oncology. AIMS: This study aims to explore the sociodemographic and psychiatric profiles of pediatric oncology patients referred to CLP services. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 97 pediatric oncology patients who received CLP consultations over two years. Data included sociodemographic details, clinical history, and psychiatric diagnoses based on structured clinical interviews. Statistical analyses, including multivariate logistic regression, examined relationships between psychiatric outcomes and variables such as SES, educational status, and clinical factors. RESULTS: The sample was predominantly of low SES (72.2%), with depression, adjustment disorders, and sleep disorders frequently observed. Patients unable to continue formal education due to their oncological disease and treatment process showed higher rates of depression. Significant associations emerged between psychopathology and factors such as lower SES, older parental age, and steroid use, although the predictive strength was modest. Most psychiatric consultations occurred due to observed psychiatric complaints rather than proactive psychosocial support, highlighting a reactive rather than preventive approach in CLP practice. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the importance of early, structured psychiatric intervention and a proactive CLP approach to mitigate the psychiatric impact on pediatric oncology patients. Addressing SES-based disparities and supporting educational continuity are essential for holistic pediatric cancer care.