The TREM1 receptor, a member of the TREMs family, is expressed by myeloid cells and functions as an initiator or enhancer of the inflammatory response, playing a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. In recent years, it has been found that TREM1-mediated inflammatory response is involved in the regulation of pain-related diseases. This article provides an extensive review on the structural characteristics and distribution patterns, ligand, signaling pathways, inhibitors, and pathophysiological roles of TREM1 in pain disorders aiming to further elucidate its biological function and offer novel insights for clinical interventions targeting pain-related diseases.