Since 2019, there has been a growing focus on mRNA vaccines for infectious disease prevention, particularly following the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). mRNA vaccines offer advantages such as rapid production and the ability to induce robust cellular and antibody responses, which are essential for combating infections that require cell-mediated immunity, including Tuberculosis (TB). This review explores recent progress in TB mRNA vaccines and addresses several key areas: (1) the urgent need for new TB vaccines
(2) current advancements in TB vaccine development, and the advantages and challenges of mRNA technology
(3) the design and characteristics of TB mRNA vaccines
(4) the immunological mechanisms of TB mRNA vaccines
(5) manufacturing processes for TB mRNA vaccines
and (6) safety and regulatory considerations. This interdisciplinary review aims to provide insights for researchers working to address critical questions in TB mRNA vaccine development.