INTRODUCTION: The estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of endocrine disruptors were examined METHODS: The RESULTS: BPA exhibited a dose-dependent estrogenic activity in both 2D and 3D cultures, significantly influencing cell proliferation and gene expression of estrogen-regulated markers (pS2 and TGFβ3). In contrast, FUL displayed anti-estrogenic properties, effectively inhibiting the proliferative effects of E2, thereby highlighting the complex interactions between these compounds and the nERs pathways in human breast cancer cells. DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that E2 and BPA significantly increase pS2 expression while decreasing TGFβ3, and that FUL co-treatment reverses these effects. Therefore, the