Acute pericarditis is an uncommon but significant complication of Graves' disease. This case report describes a 53-year-old female presenting with acute pericarditis in the context of newly diagnosed Graves' disease. The patient's clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment course, and outcome are discussed. We also provide a comprehensive review of the literature on pericarditis associated with Graves' disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic approaches. This report highlights the importance of considering thyroid dysfunction in cases of idiopathic pericarditis, as prompt diagnosis and targeted treatment can significantly improve outcomes.