BACKGROUND: In the field of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease we are looking back on an exciting year 2024 with more than 10,000 publications listed in PubMed. METHODS: Our aim, to review the scientific literature of the year 2024, is challenged by the enormous number of publications. Therefore, if your article is not included or your favorite field of mycobacteriology not covered, please forgive us. Our "Year in Review" is very much clinically oriented with lesser emphasis on basic science, microbiology, and biotechnology. RESULTS: Members of the steering committee of the Tuberculosis Network European Trials group (TBnet
www.tbnet.eu) report on 139 publications in the fields of epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis and NTM diseases published in 2024 that we found particularly important. We report publications separately for tuberculosis in children and adults and for NTM disease and provide a brief overview of newer technologies in the diagnostic pipeline. Furthermore, we summarize priorities for tuberculosis and NTM disease research, development, and implementation, all of which represent the perspective of our combined clinical experience. CONCLUSIONS: This Year in Review provides a concise summary of the clinically relevant highlights of the published literature in tuberculosis and NTM diseases in 2024.