Diabetes mellitus is a common illness associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection of diabetes is essential to prevent long-term health complications. The existing machine learning model struggles with accuracy and reliability issues, as well as data imbalance, hindering the creation of a dependable diabetes prediction model. The research addresses the issue using a novel deep learning mechanism called convolutional gated recurrent unit (CGRU), which could accurately detect diabetic disorder and their severity level. To overcome these obstacles, this study presents a brand-new deep learning technique, the CGRU, which enhances prediction accuracy by extracting temporal and spatial characteristics from the data. The proposed mechanism extracts both the spatial and temporal attributes from the input data to enable efficient classification. The proposed framework consists of three primary phases: data preparation, model training, and evaluation. Specifically, the proposed technique is applied to the BRFSS dataset for diabetes prediction. The collected data undergoes pre-processing steps, including missing data imputation, irrelevant feature removal, and normalization, to make it suitable for further processing. Furthermore, the pre-processed data is fed to the CGRU model, which is trained to identify intricate patterns indicating the stages of diabetes. To group the patients based on their characteristics and identity patterns, the research uses the clustering algorithm which helps them to classify the severity level. The efficacy of the proposed CGRU framework is demonstrated by validating the experimental findings against existing state-of-the-art approaches. When compared to existing approaches, such as Attention-based CNN and Ensemble ML model, the proposed model outperforms conventional machine learning techniques, demonstrating the efficacy of the CGRU architecture for diabetes prediction with a high accuracy rate o f 99.9%. Clustering algorithms are more beneficial as they help in identifying the subtle pattern in the dataset. When compared to other methods, it can lead to more accurate and reliable prediction. The study highlights how the cutting-edge CGRU model enhances the early detection and diagnosis of diabetes, which will eventually lead to improved healthcare outcomes. However, the study limits to work on diverse datasets, which is the only thing considered to be the drawback of this research.