The water level fluctuation zone, as a transition zone between water and terrestrial ecosystems, is important in maintaining bank stability and regulating the ecological balance of water. The ecosystem residing within the water level fluctuation zone exhibits pronounced fragility, which has resulted in the recurrent manifestation of soil erosion alongside a myriad of other ecological issues. The existing ecological restoration techniques can solidify the soil and protect the slopes but fail to effectively solve soil erosion, which affects the recovery of vegetation. Therefore, in this study, a vegetation survival test under high water head conditions in the water level fluctuation zone and an ecological restoration modeling study of the fluctuation zone based on redbed composite polymer materials were conducted using redbed composite polymer materials as the soil restoration material. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in the survival status of different classes of plants under high head stress, with different adaptations to environmental stress. In addition, the redbed composite polymer materials effectively improved the water level fluctuation zone, soil water content, conductivity, pH, and other physicochemical properties and improved the stability of soil aggregates. This study reveals the mechanism of action of the material on the soil of the water level fluctuation zone based on the microstructure of the soil, evaluates the restoration effect of the material, verifies the effectiveness of the redbed composite polymer materials in the restoration of the water level fluctuation zone, and provides an effective method for the ecological restoration of the water level fluctuation zone to solve the problem of soil loss and vegetation restoration.