The oxidant (e.g., hypochlorous acid, HClO) has been widely used to remediate contaminated sites. However, the effects of HClO on soil health in agricultural fields have been rarely explored. Based on the laboratory and field experiments, we found that low concentrations of HClO changed soil bioavailable elements, enzyme activities, and the structure of microbial communities. Specifically, the application of 5‰ HClO increased DOC content by 13.9-19.9% compared with CK. The bioavailable Fe and Mn contents also increased by 15.0% and 48.7%-61.8%, respectively. Correspondingly, in field experiments, 5‰ HClO enhanced the DOC contents by 12.0%. Besides, the application of HClO also elevated enzyme activities and improved the structure of the microbial community of soil. These findings might provide new strategies for improving the fertility and quality of agricultural soil.