The long ring pommel Dao (a kind of single-edged blade), a significant indigenous Chinese weaponry innovation of the Western Han Dynasty, is researched this study. Employing a comparative research methodology, we conduct a scientific analysis of samples excavated from the tombs of marquisates across various regions of China, spanning from the northern to the southern extremities. This analysis encompasses metallographic examination, inclusion composition analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented by the application of a metallurgical kinetic model to reconstruct key smelting operations. The semifinished materials of the long ring pommel Dao are sourced from two primary origins: bloomery carburized steel and cast iron-puddling joint decarburization steel (cast iron-Chaogang steel). Both pathways exhibit a predominance of FeO