Tree transpiration is a key component of forest evapotranspiration, and sap flow monitoring is the primary way to study tree canopy transpiration and water consumption. However, provenance differences in transpiration and the unique responses to environmental factors are not well understood. We measured the sap flow and calculated the canopy evapotranspiration (Ec) of 15 Chinese fir provenances from five provinces in a common garden and monitored soil moisture and meteorological variables between September 2020 and September 2022. Mean daily Ec of the provenances from Guangxi (GX), Sichuan (SC), Anhui (AH), Yunan (YN), and Zhejiang (ZJ) were 1.31 ± 0.99 g·d