BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass and strength, poses significant public health challenges for the elderly, impacting physical performance and quality of life. This study aims to investigate the associations between glucose profile, fasting insulin, renal function, and muscle strength among elderly residents of a single-centered nursing home in Indonesia, identifying potential biomarkers for sarcopenia. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 31 elderly residents of Santa Anna Nursing Home, with muscle strength measured using handgrip dynamometry and biochemical parameters evaluated through standardized laboratory methods. RESULTS: Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis revealed strong negative correlations between glucose profile (β = -0.683, p <
0.01) and fasting insulin (β = -0.208, p <
0.05) with muscle strength, while renal function showed a moderate positive relationship (β = 0.295, p <
0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings highlight glucose profile, fasting insulin, and renal function as critical predictors of sarcopenia, offering potential pathways for early detection and targeted interventions. Future research should explore longitudinal assessments and molecular mechanisms to refine sarcopenia prevention strategies in aging populations.