Fatigue is the main cause of disability after traumatic brain injury and has negative impact on social, physical and cognitive functions, participation in daily activities, and ability to work. Since the neural underpinnings are largely unknown, few causal treatments are currently available. This study therefore aimed to investigate the neural correlates of subjective fatigue after traumatic brain injury, controlling for differences in cognitive performance, motor performance and subjective psychological covariates such as depression, anxiety and apathy. Seventeen chronic traumatic brain injury patients (10 with and seven without fatigue) and 11 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls participated in the study. The dependent variable, overall fatigue, was quantified as the sum of the subscales of the multivariate fatigue inventory. Subjective psychological covariates were extracted from appropriate questionnaires. Brain activation during a two-back task and functional connectivity at rest were reconstructed from high-density EEG. Cortical excitability was quantified from motor evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex. Cognitive performance was assessed with a two-back task as well as with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Motor performance was quantified with Jamar dynamometer. Beside the between-group differences in most fatigue subscales resulting from the group attribution, participants also differed in subjective memory functions, depression, anxiety and apathy. Conversely, objective neuropsychological performance was similar across groups in most domains, except for alertness and divided attention (