OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to investigate the predictive and prognostic value of inflammatory cells in blood and tissues in laryngeal lesions. METHODS: The data of a total of 112 patients, of whom 36 had benign, 38 had premalignant and 38 had malignant laryngeal lesions, were analyzed retrospectively. Along with the demographic characteristics of the patients, hemogram parameters were also captured by hematoxylin-eosin staining performed on pathology preparation lymphocytes and neutrophils, and Langerhans cells count was carried out by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between blood and tissue inflammatory cells, development of malignancy, disease-free survival time and relationship thereof with survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Langerhans cell count and stain volume were found to be significantly higher in malignant group than the premalignant and the benign groups, and they were determined to be higher in premalignant group as compared to the benign group. Early and advanced stages of the illness were compared through the volume of Langerhans cell stain but no difference was found. In the malignant group, it was observed that survival of the group with the higher Langerhans cell count was significantly higher. Considering lymphocyte count in tissues, they were found significantly higher in malignant and premalignant group than the benign group. And eosinophil and neutrophil count in tissues were found to be significantly higher in malignant group than the premalignant and the benign group. In premalignant group, no correlation was found between development of malignancy and inflammatory cells. In comparison of venous blood samples among the subgroups, no difference was found about lymphocyte and eosinophil count. CONCLUSION: In this study, among inflammatory cells, increase of Langerhans cells comes forward as a good prognostic factor. Furthermore, compared with benign and premalignant groups, in malignant group inflammatory cell count was found increased depending on the more significant immune response.