OBJECTIVE: To determine the direct and indirect effects of sexual assault on sleep health in varsity athletes. PARTICIPANTS: Varsity athletes ( METHODS: We combined exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to evaluate relationships between four predictor variables: RESULTS: Overall, 9.6% of women, 5.0% of men, and 34.9% of non-binary student athletes reported experiencing sexual violence in the last 12 months. Across genders, sexual assault was positively associated with insomnia symptoms and negatively associated with sleep duration both directly and indirectly as mediated by mental distress and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: When screening for sleep disturbances, as recommended by NCAA, athletic staff should recognize the impact of sexual violence and provide trauma-informed victim support.