OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively assess the relationship between nerve conduction study (NCS), sympathetic skin response (SSR), and demographic factors in patients with diabetic neuropathy, exploring potential risk factors and mechanisms. METHODS: A retrospective study (N=184) included patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing NCS and SSR. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Patients were categorized by diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and SSR stages for comparative analysis. RESULTS: HbA1c levels correlated with DPN progression. SSR stages exhibited age-related differences. Height correlated with DPN but not SSR stages. Body mass index showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: While DPN progression correlated with glycemic control and duration of diabetes, SSR was influenced by age. Unexpectedly, cholesterol levels remained within the normal range, challenging established concepts. Understanding these relationships is crucial for interpreting test results and developing targeted interventions for diabetic neuropathy.