BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence links body composition and inflammatory markers with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the comparative analysis of body composition markers derived from different modalities and inflammatory markers in relation to T2D remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate and compare the association of body composition and inflammatory markers with T2D. METHODS: We included 4043 participants (2081 female, 51.4%) aged 20-84 enrolled in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for confounding were used to analyse associations of standardized body composition markers derived from classic anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, magnetic resonance imaging as well as inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, fibrinogen, ferritin and CRP-to-albumin ratio with prevalent T2D. RESULTS: Body composition markers were more strongly associated with T2D than inflammatory markers. Waist circumference exhibited the strongest association with T2D (female: odds ratio (OR) = 2.55
95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17-3.00
male: OR = 2.20
95% CI: 1.86-2.60). Similarly, body weight (female: 2.07
1.78-2.41
male: OR = 1.99
95% CI = 1.71-2.31), waist-to-height ratio (female: OR = 2.39
95% CI = 2.05-2.77
male: 2.28
1.92-2.70) and visceral adipose tissue (female: 3.02
95% CI = 2.11-4.32
male: 1.50
1.19-1.89) showed strong associations with T2D. Among inflammatory markers, white blood cell count in male and CRP-to-albumin ratio in female exhibit the strongest association with T2D. CONCLUSIONS: Body composition markers seem to be more tightly associated with prevalent T2D compared to inflammatory markers.