BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) coexists with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodeling. Neutrophil infiltration of cardiac muscle tissue and oxidative stress are associated with cardiac remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 221 AF patients aged 70 (62-76) years, LV remodeling was assessed using echocardiography. Plasma concentrations of neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured. RESULTS: AF patients with concentric and eccentric hypertrophy showed higher NAP-2 levels than those with normal LV geometry (+41% and + 29%, CONCLUSIONS: Elevated NAP-2, associated with oxidative damage, may contribute to the development of LV hypertrophy.