Pneumoconioses are occupational lung diseases associated with the inhalation of inorganic dusts, with varying prevalence worldwide, especially in industries with inadequate regulations. Despite improvements in developed countries, pneumoconiosis incidence remains and is increasing in emerging sectors like artificial stone production and handling. These diseases pose a significant global public health risk, especially in regions with limited workplace controls. We propose an International Pneumoconiosis Observatory to monitor prevalence and incidence, assess preventive measures, and coordinate international regulations. This entity would enable preventive strategy development, knowledge exchange, and rapid responses to new exposure risks. A coordinated global effort is essential to curbing pneumoconiosis cases and protecting vulnerable workers.