INTRODUCTION: Multiple Cervical Root Resorption (MCRR) is a rare condition characterized by the progressive destruction of the cervical region of multiple tooth roots, leading to significant tooth loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of MCRR remain poorly understood. Existing knowledge is largely derived from case reports/series. A comprehensive review of literature is crucial to identify potential systemic and dental factors that contribute to the development and progression of MCRR. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Five major health science databases were systematically searched to capture all reported cases of MCRR published to date. Potential etiologic factors were identified and categorized based on their association with MCRRs. RESULTS: A total of 65 reports documenting 101 patients and involving 921 teeth were included in the analysis. The review identified several potential etiologic factors, including skeletal disorders, autoimmune diseases, viral infections, genetic diseases, specific genetic mutations, liver dysfunctions, the use of antiresorptive medications, and endocrine disturbances. Each of these factors may influence osteoclast/odontoclast functioning, implicating them in the pathogenesis of MCRR. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic diseases and medications that alter bone remodeling process or osteoclast/odontoclast function play a significant role in the development of a large proportion of MCRR cases. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of this condition, an interdisciplinary approach involving general dentists, specialists, and physicians is essential. Early detection, prevention, and personalized management of MCRR are critical in minimizing the risk of extensive tooth loss and improving patient outcomes.