Expert reports analyze medical malpractice in urology based on selected case studies and assess their medical and legal implications. Common sources of error include noncompliance with clinical guidelines, inadequate patient information, insufficient diagnostics, and a lack of interdisciplinary coordination. The cases include, among others, incorrect biopsy techniques, delayed stroke diagnoses, failure to communicate pathological findings, and problematic coercive measures in pediatric patients. The legal assessments highlight the importance of thorough documentation and effective patient communication in mitigating liability risks. In several cases, diagnostic errors result in a reversal of the burden of proof in favor of the patient. The expert report emphasizes the necessity of a structured, evidence-based, and interdisciplinary approach to minimize treatment errors and their consequences.