BACKGROUND: Stroke is a prevalent neurological disease with high morbidity and disability. Single-task walking training has limitations, and dual-task walking training has emerged. Yet, research on the relative effectiveness of dual- and single-task training for stroke patients' walking function is inconclusive. This study aims to systematically compare the efficacy of dual-task with single-task training interventions on improving walking function among stroke survivors. METHODS: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the application of dual-task training on walking function in stroke patients. Two reviewers independently screened the references, selected relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome measures related to walking function included step speed, step length, stride length, step frequency, Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed up and go (TUG) test. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for methodological quality assessment of the included literature. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Furthermore, the quality of evidence of the outcome measures was evaluated using the GRADEPro software. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results revealed that dual-task training exhibited significantly superior efficacy compared to single-task training in enhancing step speed, step length, stride length, step frequency, and BBS score (P <
.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the TUG test (P = .100). CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional single-task training, dual-task training could be more effective in improving walking function among stroke patients, especially with regard to temporal and spatial parameters such as step length and speed, stride frequency and BBS score, but the effect on enhancing TUG test still remains unclear. These findings would help clinicians to formulate a more rational stroke rehabilitation strategy.