OBJECTIVES: To critically analyse and synthesise the literature describing the relationship between a debriefing intervention and wellbeing in the distinct population of registered nurses working in the adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: The JBI literature review methodology was used to analyse primary research exploring a clearly defined debriefing process with an aim to improving wellbeing in the setting and population of ICU nurses. A comprehensive search of primary research published between 1st January 2004 and 9th May 2024 was conducted. A systematic search was conducted across multiple scholarly databases: APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, PubMed and Embase. Google Scholar and reference lists were also searched. Data from the included studies were extracted by one author, and then checked and verified by a second author. Included studies are summarised according to study details, debriefing characteristics and reported wellbeing results. Studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: The search yielded 732 articles, with 12 articles screened in full-text format. Three primary research studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies utilised a mixed methods design, there was significant heterogeneity between logistical components of the debriefing intervention as well as study instruments and reporting. CONCLUSION: This systematic review illustrates a paucity of available research on the specificity of debriefing practices and the potential relationship to wellbeing in the ICU nursing population. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Further rigorous research is required surrounding the implementation and effectiveness of debriefing in the unique population of ICU nurses.