OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to use the real-time RT-PCR method to detect the gene expression cytokines IL-10, TNFα, IFN-γ, and TGF-β in the serum of Alzheimer's patients. METHODS: This study was conducted on 100 serum samples of Alzheimer's patients. DNA extraction was performed on the samples with the Cinnaclone kit and PCR techniques were used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Varicella zoster virus. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of TNFα, IFNɤ, TGFβ, and IL-10 genes with a Smobio kit. RESULTS: The relative changes in the expression of TNFα, IFNɤ, TGFβ, and IL-10 genes were observed in Alzheimer's patients compared to the control samples without microorganisms, and a significant increase was observed (P <
0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the cytokines TNFα, IFNɤ, TGFβ, and IL-10, have an increase in Alzheimer's patients(P <
0.05). Therefore, the presence of the microorganisms accompanied by the rise and inducing the expression of cytokines compared to the groups without the mentioned microorganisms causes a significant increase in the production of cytokines effective in the occurrence or exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease.