The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic in a clinic-based cohort of people with and without HIV in four African countries.

• Tác giả: Julie A Ake, Emmanuel Bahemana, Natalie Burns, Trevor A Crowell, Ibrahim Daud, Nicole F Dear, Emma R Duff, Seth Frndak, Reginald Gervas, Jaclyn Hern, Michelle Imbach, Hannah Kibuuka, Rither Langat, Jonah Maswai, Badryah Omar, John Owuoth, Ajay P Parikh, Zahra Parker, Matthew L Romo, Neha Shah, Valentine Sing'oei, Abdulwasiu Tiamiyu
• Ngôn ngữ: eng
• Ký hiệu phân loại: 781.584 *Attainment of majority
• Thông tin xuất bản: England : BMC infectious diseases , 2025
• Bộ sưu tập: NCBI
• ID: 696531

Tóm tắt

 BACKGROUND: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) were prioritized for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa, however, SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptomatology have not been well characterized among PLWH. We described SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and symptomatology, and examined factors associated with nasal swab RT-PCR positivity in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria. METHODS: The ongoing African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) follows PLWH and people living without HIV (PLWoH) in four African countries. All participants undergo clinical assessment and socio-behavioral questionnaire administration at enrollment and each six-monthly visits, with CD4 count and viral load collected for PLWH. Optional nasal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 rapid RT-PCR testing at visits after 19 July 2022. Participants were asked if they had experienced COVID-19 symptoms. We used the Agresti-Coull method to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at each participant's first nasal swab collection. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were estimated using multivariable robust Poisson regression. RESULTS: Between 19 July 2022 and 1 March 2024, 1,187 participants underwent nasal swab collection with a valid SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result
  1,032 (86.9%) were PLWH and 155 (13.1%) were PLWoH. A majority were female (57.2%), and the median age was 44.6 (interquartile range 34.4-52.2) years. Prevalence at first nasal swab of SARS-CoV-2 was 6.8% (95%CI 5.5%-8.4%). Most participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were asymptomatic (97.5%). SARS-CoV-2 was marginally more common among PLWoH as compared to PLWH (10.3% vs. 6.3%
  p = 0.093). In the multivariable model, SARS-CoV-2 was significantly more common among participants who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine as compared to participants who received no doses (aPR 1.66
  95%CI 1.05-2.62
  p = 0.031) and during the omicron wave as compared to non-wave periods (aPR 2.15
  95%CI 1.42-3.25
  p <
  0.001). Among PLWH, CD4 and viral load were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of people with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were asymptomatic. Universal screening may be needed to fully understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks of similar respiratory viruses, capture early infection, and plan for intervention.