The metazoan lifespan is determined in part by a complex signaling network that regulates energy metabolism and stress responses. Key signaling hubs in this network include insulin/IGF-1, AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins. The Hippo/Mammalian Ste20-like Kinase1 (MST1) pathway has been reported to maintain lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, but its role has not been studied in higher metazoans. In this study, we report that overexpression of Hpo, the MST1 homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, decreased lifespan with concomitant changes in lipid metabolism and aging-associated gene expression, while RNAi Hpo depletion increased lifespan. These effects were mediated primarily by Hpo-induced transcriptional activation of the RNA-binding protein maternal expression at 31B (Me31b)/RCK, resulting in stabilization of mRNA-encoding a lipolytic hormone, Akh. In mouse adipocytes, Hpo/Mst1 mediated adipocyte differentiation, phosphorylation of RNA-binding proteins such as Rck, decapping MRNA 2 (Dcp2), enhancer Of MRNA decapping 3 (Edc3), nucleolin (NCL), and glucagon mRNA stability by interacting with Rck. Decreased lifespan in Hpo-overexpressing Drosophila lines required expression of Me31b, but not DCP2, which was potentially mediated by recovering expression of lipid metabolic genes and formation of lipid droplets. Taken together, our findings suggest that Hpo/Mst1 plays a conserved role in longevity by regulating adipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism.