BACKGROUND: The safety of fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) that enter the human body through food consumption is uncertain. In this study, the biocompatibility of FNPs derived from roast duck was investigated using pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS: Fluorescent nanoparticles, at concentrations of 1 and 4 mg mL CONCLUSION: This study advances the understanding of FNP safety significantly, facilitates risk assessment for foods containing FNPs, and provides valuable guidance to ensure food safety. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.