Nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys are promising materials for orthopedic implants due to their unique mechanical properties, including superelasticity and shape memory effect. However, the high nickel content in NiTi alloys raises concerns about biocompatibility and potential cytotoxic effects. This review focuses on the recent advancements in surface modification techniques aimed at enhancing the properties of NiTi alloys for biomedical applications, with particular emphasis on low-temperature glow discharge plasma oxidation methods. The review explores various surface engineering strategies, including oxidation, nitriding, ion implantation, laser treatments, and the deposition of protective coatings. Among these, low-temperature plasma oxidation stands out for its ability to produce uniform, nanocrystalline layers of titanium dioxide (TiO