Microplastic pollution represents a significant environmental challenge due to its persistence and role as a vector for harmful contaminants. Conventional mitigation strategies, such as filtration, oxidative degradation, and microbial treatments, often exhibit limitations in efficiency, scalability, or result in the generation of secondary pollutants. This review examines the emerging potential of geopolymers as sustainable materials for microplastic remediation. Owing to their high porosity, chemical stability, tunable surface chemistry, and regenerative properties, geopolymers demonstrate considerable promise as both adsorbents and membrane materials. Extensive research has validated the efficacy of geopolymers in the removal of various environmental contaminants, including heavy metals and organic pollutants. For example, fly ash-based geopolymers modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) achieved a 98.2% removal efficiency for anionic acid blue 185 (AB185), while porous amorphous geopolymers synthesized from fly ash and iron ore tailings exhibited a copper (Cu