The genetic landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been extensively mapped, yielding significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disorder. Early studies highlighted key genes associated with the immune system, particularly T cells, as critical for MS susceptibility. Subsequent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified over 200 genetic variants linked to MS, revealing a complex interplay between MS risk and genes involved in various processes within adaptive and innate immune cells, as well as brain-resident microglia. Recently, a groundbreaking GWAS pinpointed the first gene variant associated with MS disease progression, distinguishing the mechanisms driving disease onset from those influencing progression. The C-type lectin domain family 16, member A (